The way of man is to judge a loving friend with good will, in order to treat him mercifully and to judge an enemy with anger, in order to exact strict justice.īut G‑d does otherwise: He judges the entire world - including those who violate His commandments - only with good will, in the month of Tishrei. Our Sages have noted: Come and see how G‑d's ways differ from the ways of man. This day is the commencement of Your works, a memorial of the first day- a memorial of the first day of the completely created world and of the first Day of Judgment. From the beginning You have made this known and from the commencement You did reveal this. These two reasons are alluded to in the Musaf service of Rosh Hashanah, where we recite: For You have ordained a statute of remembrance to judge all spirits and souls, to consider a multitude of actions and creations without end. The second reason is, as we noted above, that on this day Adam was judged, he repented, and he was forgiven. Hence, the commencement of the year was ordained as the Day of Judgment.
Rosh Hashanah was ordained as a Day of Judgment for two reasons: The first is that on this day the creation of the world was completed and it was the Divine intention that the world be ruled by the trait of strict justice. If they do not have merit [i.e., if they fail to repent), they are inscribed to die (ibid. If they have merit [i.e., if they repent), they are inscribed to live. The fate of those in the middle is held in balance between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. The entirely wicked are immediately inscribed and sealed to die. The entirely righteous are immediately inscribed and sealed to live. Yochanan: Three ledgers are opened on Rosh Hashanah: one for those who are entirely wicked, one for those who are entirely righteous, and one for those who are in the middle. Thus, the verse ( Psalms 33:15) states: "He created all of their hearts together and understands all of their actions" G‑d, Who is the Creator, sees all of their hearts together (with a single glance) and understands all of their actions.
On Rosh Hashanah all of mankind pass before Him like sheep -they pass by Him one by one, one after the other, yet He scrutinizes them all with a single glance. The Talmud ( Rosh Hashanah 8a) derives this from the verse ( Deuteronomy 11:12) that states: The eyes of G‑d, your L-rd, are upon it from the beginning of the year until the end of the year - i.e., from Rosh Hashanah, the world is judged as to what will transpire throughout the year. On this day man is judged for all of his actions, and all that will transpire and occur during the coming year is recorded. Rosh Hashanah is the Day of Judgment for all of mankind.
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